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High powered vistors to the IACC meeting

3 May

The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee met last Friday. The agenda included talks by Department of Health and Human Services secretary Kathleen Sebelius, National Institutes of Health director Francis Collins and White House Staffer Mike Strautmanis.

Let’s put this in some perspective. Secretary Sebelius is one step down from the President of the United States in the Executive Branch of government.

The IACC is already chaired by the director of the National Institute of Mental Health, Dr. Thomas Insel. Dr. Insel holds a rather high level position to be chair of this committee, indicating a strong commitment to the IACC. Dr. Collins would be, in effect, Dr. Insel’s boss. His presence at the IACC meeting is significant.

The White House sent Mike Stratmanis is chief of staff to Valerie Jarrett, who is one of President Obama’s senior advisors. Mr. Stratmanis is also the father of an autistic child.

The Federal members of the IACC include a number of people at the director level in the NIH and elsewhere.

I think it is safe to say that autism research has the attention of the U.S. government.

The IACC is the focus of a lot of scrutiny and a lot of pressure. Given the importance of the IACC’s mission, some pressure and scrutiny is very much warranted. I think one can be critical of the IACC and its members–I’ve done so here on this blog. But, I think it is important for the discussion to remain respectful and factual. Often the discussion has, well, gone past those boundaries.

The IACC and Dr. Insel became part of the “enemy” to many in the online parent community when they decided to not fund vaccine-causation research.

Yes, autism research and the IACC have the attention of powerful people. This was very important last year when the President allocated large amounts of economic stimulus money to autism research. The fact that the IACC had a Strategic Plan in place to justify this expenditure should go down as one of the successes of that committee. Without the Plan, it is very possible that the Stimulus money might not have been applied to autism research.

Next year comes a major date for the IACC. The Combating Autism Act has, as most governmental programs do, a “sunset clause”. Read the Act and you will find this phrase repeated: “Sunset- This section shall not apply after September 30, 2011.”

Read the proposed budget for autism research–the final year is 2011.

I doubt that the IACC will be dissolved and that autism funding will cease in 2011. I believe autism research is a good investment for the American people and should continue. But it is time to admit to ourselves that we, the autism communities, are not entitled to this support. It can be taken away or reduced.

Finding common ground at the IACC

1 May

The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) met Friday. New members were introduced, including Ari Ne’eman of the Autistic Self Advocacy Network.

The autism communities are far from unanimous in goals and methods. Given the makeup of the IACC, consisting as it does of governmental agencies plus public members of organizations that have been highly critical of each other, one might wonder if it anything could get accomplished.

But, in the end, most groups have more than a single goal. And, if you remember back to your set theory lessons, that leads to intersections–overlap–common ground.

I was reminded of this watching the IACC meeting. I could only watch bits and pieces during the day. One standout part of the morning came when Jim Moody of the National Autism Association gave a public comment talking about issues of safety, elopement, drownings–preventable deaths of autistics young and old.

Towards the end of the meeting I listened to a number of people refer back to this presentation. Amongst these commenters was Ari Ne’eman. Mr. Ne’eman obviously took the idea seriously and was calling for serious consideration of how this could be implemented into the Strategic Plan, calling for input from the services subcommittee.

I know the idea of safety are not new to Mr. Ne’eman. I contacted him recently when I was preparing a piece, Search and Rescue and autistics.

The members of the IACC span a wide diversity of ideas and viewpoints. Diversity, that’s a good thing.

But, working together for the common good: that’s common ground. Ideas that span diverse organizations and viewpoints. That is a very good thing.

Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee welcomes new members

30 Apr

The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) is a U.S. government committee which oversees autism research activities of the various U.S. agencies. The committee is made up of a representatives of those agencies plus members of the public.

The current public members are:

Lee Grossman
President and CEO
Autism Society

Yvette M. Janvier, M.D.
Medical Director
Children’s Specialized Hospital

Christine M. McKee, J.D.

Lyn Redwood, R.N., M.S.N.
Co-Founder and Vice President
Coalition for SafeMinds

Stephen M. Shore, Ed.D.
Executive Director
Autism Spectrum Consulting

Alison Tepper Singer, M.B.A.
President
Autism Science Foundation

Here is the announcement for the new members

Secretary Sebelius Announces New Members of the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee

Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius announced today the appointment of five new members to the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC), a federal advisory committee created in an effort to accelerate progress in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research and services.

The committee is composed of a diverse group of federal officials from HHS agencies and the Department of Education, as well as public members that include people with ASD, parents of people with ASD, and leaders of national ASD advocacy and research organizations.

In January 2009, the IACC released its first strategic plan for autism research. The IACC released a second edition of its strategic plan in January 2010.

“Today I am pleased to announce new members of the IACC, who will bring additional points of view and expertise to the committee,” Secretary Sebelius said. “I look forward to hearing from the committee members on important matters that affect people with autism and their families as we continue our efforts to address this urgent public health challenge.”

ASDs are a group of developmental disabilities that cause major social, communication and behavioral challenges with symptoms that present before age 3. ASDs affect each person in different ways and can range from very mild to severe. People with ASDs share some similar symptoms, such as problems with social interaction. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that an average of 1 in every 110 children in the United States has some form of ASD.

For more information on the IACC, visit http://www.iacc.hhs.gov/

New Members of the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee

Geraldine Dawson, Ph.D.
As chief science officer for Autism Speaks, Dr. Dawson works with the scientific community and stakeholders to shape and expand the foundation’s scientific vision. She also is a licensed clinical psychologist with a research focus on early detection and intervention, early patterns of brain dysfunction and the identification of biological markers for autism genetic studies. Dr. Dawson also serves as research professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, adjunct professor of psychiatry at Columbia University and professor emeritus of psychology at University of Washington.

Gerald D. Fischbach, M.D.
Dr. Fischbach is the scientific director for the Simons Foundation where he oversees the Autism Research Initiative. He has spent his career as a neuroscientist studying the formation and maintenance of synapses, the junctions between nerve cells which allow signals to be transmitted. Before joining the Simons Foundation, Dr. Fischbach served as the Director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke from 1998 to 2001 and as the Executive Vice President of Columbia University Medical Center and Dean of the faculties of medicine from 2001 to 2006.

Ari Ne’eman
Mr. Ari Ne’eman is the founding president of the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, where he works to increase the representation of autistic people in public policy discussions. He is an adult on the autism spectrum and a leading advocate in the neurodiversity movement. Mr. Ne’eman has served on the New Jersey Adults with Autism Task Force and the New Jersey Special Education Review Commission, where he authored a minority report advocating legislative action against the use of aversives, restraint and seclusion. He is a board member of TASH, an advocacy group for people with disabilities, and is involved with the Maryland Coalition for Inclusive Education.

Denise D. Resnik
Denise Resnik is the co-founder and board development chair of the Southwest Autism Research & Resource Center (SARRC). She is the mother of an 18-year-old son with autism. Ms. Resnik serves on the Autism Speaks Family Services Committee and Advancing Futures for Adults with Autism (AFAA) Steering Committee. She participated in the 2006 NIMH Autism Matrix Review and the IACC Scientific Workshops to develop the IACC Strategic Plan and subsequent updates.

Marjorie Solomon, Ph.D.
Assistant professor of Clinical Psychiatry at the University of California, Davis

Dr. Marjorie Solomon is an Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Davis. She serves on the Faculty of the Medical Investigation of Neurological Disorders (MIND) Institute and the Autism Research Training Program where she conducts research on a social skills training intervention for high-functioning children with ASD, incorporating parents and siblings in the research. In addition to her clinical research work, Dr. Solomon studies cognition and learning in high-functioning individuals with ASD.

Who deserves a seat on the IACC?

29 Apr

There is a lot of lobbying for a seat on the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee. This committee’s job is to plan and coordinate research efforts in autism amongst the various U.S. governmental agencies involved.

Membership in the IACC is split between government employees representing these agencies and public members. It is the public membership that draws attention. Many groups would like a seat at that table. Generation Rescue has lobbied in the past for a seat one the IACC or, better yet, on an “autism advisory board” which would oversee even the IACC.

Katie Wright, board member of SafeMinds, the National Autism Association and Generation Rescue, has been rather vocal on the subject on their group’s blog. She has voiced an opinion that the public slots should go to people who represent groups with large constituencies. She was highly critical of one IACC parent member, claiming (falsely) that this parent was only on the IACC due to connections with Tom Insel (the IACC chair). While she has acknowledged her error, Ms. Write remained of the opinion that a mere parent does not belong on the IACC.

Given that the IACC is scheduled to announce new members tomorrow, I thought I would look at the membership requirements. The IACC membership is discussed in the Combating Autism Act, as follows:

(c) Membership-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Committee shall be composed of–

(A) the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;

(B) the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and the Directors of such national research institutes of the National Institutes of Health as the Secretary determines appropriate;

(C) the heads of such other agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate;

(D) representatives of other Federal Governmental agencies that serve individuals with autism spectrum disorder such as the Department of Education; and

(E) the additional members appointed under paragraph (2).

(2) ADDITIONAL MEMBERS- Not fewer than 6 members of the Committee, or 1/3 of the total membership of the Committee, whichever is greater, shall be composed of non-Federal public members to be appointed by the Secretary, of which–

(A) at least one such member shall be an individual with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder;

(B) at least one such member shall be a parent or legal guardian of an individual with an autism spectrum disorder; and

(C) at least one such member shall be a representative of leading research, advocacy, and service organizations for individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

There is no mention that public members must all represent a substantial constituency at all.

My own opinion, for whatever that may be worth, is this. Public members on the IACC should

(a) represent the diverse viewpoints of the autism communities
(b) be willing to put in work on the committee
and
(c) be able to work as a part of a team on the committee.

Somehow, when groups like SafeMinds, Generation Rescue, the National Autism Association and the Autism Research Institute belittle IACC members with blog posts depicting them as “baby eaters“, I doubt whether they meet criteria in [c]. But, hey, that’s just my opinion. The opinion of someone who needs the IACC to work.

That said, is a constituency needed on a governmental committee? I would argue not. Perhaps the most well known public member of a US governmental committee was the late Prof. Richard Feynman. He served on the committee to find the cause of the destruction of the space shuttle Challenger. Prof. Feynman didn’t represent any constituency. He wasn’t a part of the space program. He was just a guy who got things done.

But, if we are going to talk about which big groups deserve to be on the IACC, we should recall that the IACC exists to manage a research plan. Groups that are involved in research should have a seat at the table.

You may recall that last year I discussed Autism research funding: who is paying and how much?. The IACC had put together a document on nationwide (public and private) research funding into autism. It turns out that the largest private group, in dollars, funding autism research is the Simons Foundation. They even outspend Autism Speaks, whom many would assume would be the largest autism organization. Heck, the Simons Foundation outspends the CDC.

Autism Funding by Agency

Another autism organization that doesn’t get heard much on the blogs is the Marks Foundation. Last year they committed $29M to start an autism center for all ages at Boston General Hospital.

It will be interesting to see who the new members are on the IACC. The world is made up of a lot more than just the vaccine-causation groups. Groups who are not as big as they would like us to think. The vaccine-causation groups are already well represented by Ms. Lyn Redwood. I’ve never heard anyone say that she doesn’t represent their ideas ably.

As noted above, there is one parent on the IACC who is not affiliated with any organization. I find this wholly appropriate and would not be surprised nor put off should the IACC appoint a second unaffiliated person–be they autistic or parent. Frankly, another autistic would seem appropriate. I thought Wolf Dunaway was very impressive when he served on a subcommittee.

Tomorrow morning new members will be welcomed. They have my gratitude for being willing to serve in what is an unnecessarily contentious position.

Just how big is the National Autism Association anyway?

29 Apr

The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) is meeting tomorrow. On the agenda is “Welcome and Introductions of IACC Members”.

It is no secret that many groups have wanted a seat at the IACC table. Autism Speaks was previously represented by Alison Singer, but she left Autism Speaks to form her own organization, the Autism Science Foundation. The vaccine-causation groups have been very interested in increasing their presence on the IACC. Currently, they are represented by Lyn Redwood of SafeMinds. But, Generation Rescue and the National Autism Association and, I assume, TACA would like to have membership on the Committee.

In a recent blog piece discussing the IACC, Katie Wright, board member for the National Autism Association and Generation Rescue, pointed out the broad membership base of the NAA and TACA. Further, she stresses the importance of a “significant public constituency”

The National Autism Association, representing 12,000 dues paying parents and TACA representing 17,000 parents implored Dr. Collins to assign these organizations seats on IACC. Of the 19 members on the committee, only 3, Lyn Redwood, Lee Grossman and Stephen Shore represent a significant public constituency.

To me, the message seemed clear. The NAA or TACA should be on the IACC because they are so big. They represent such a large base of support.

I’ve been reading about how these groups represent “thousands” or “tens of thousands” of families for some time. The statements are always unsupported, so I tend to give them little weight. But when I read the above statemen, I spotted the phrase “dues paying”. To me, that reads as “a fact I can check”.

So I pulled the 990 forms for the NAA. 990 forms are the tax forms that charitable organizations file in the US, and they are made public, albeit after a couple of years.

The 2008 form 990 shows under “membership dues” that the NAA took in $17,640.

Membership dues to the NAA is $35/year for an individual, $60 for a family. This was the same in 2008.

Taking the $35 value, that gives a membership for the NAA of 504 (an upper bound estimate). Very respectable. Not 12,000, though. Perhaps they’ve had a major membership boom since 2008. Perhaps I misunderstood something. But, this fact check would suggest that the 12,000 claim for the NAA’s membership is, perhaps, somewhat high.

Maybe 2008 was a bad year for the NAA? Checking the other Form 990’s for the NAA gives the following amounts for dues collected:

2006: $14,950
2007: $22,592
2008: $17,640

Hmmm. Looks like they may have peaked in 2007.

Perhaps there are a number of dues paying members in the NAA chapter. Guidestar shows a number of these NAA chapters. The few I checked (like the Northeast Ohio chapter) report no dues.

I’m open to being corrected, with proof. But, for now, it looks to this observer that the National Autism Association membership is much less than the 12,000 claimed.

Whether the size is important, that is a discussion for another post.

Let’s Talk Autism – next live Prime Ministerial Debate

26 Apr

I just received this message from Carole Rutherford at Autism in Mind and ask all UK readers to join us in trying to get autism discussed at the final televised debate between the party leaders.

The final Prime Ministerial debate takes place on Thursday night. The final debate is about the economy. It is estimated that there are at least half a million children and adults who have a diagnosis of autism. There are many more who have the condition without the diagnosis. There could be as many as 6 million families in the UK alone who are living with autism.

Autism-In-Mind and Asperger Syndrome Action by Parents want the leaders to talk about autism on Thursday night and we need your help now. We want you to submit the following question onto the BBC ‘Election Question’ form. The question is wrapped around the economy and how the money that is being spent on autism every year is being spent. It is important that we all ask the same question. We want 1000,s of people to ask this question by Thursday Night and if we can achieve this then maybe someone will listen to us and will talk about autism.

Question to submit to the BBC

A recent study by researchers at King’s College London estimated that autism costs the UK economy around £28.2 billion per year, and yet thousands of autistic/Asperger syndrome children and adults do not meet the criteria for any provision or services. Autism/Asperger syndrome requires services from the cradle to the grave. The only money attached to the newly published Autism Strategy will be half a million pounds for increasing awareness and understanding of autism among frontline professionals with nothing for service provision.

In the first debate there seemed to be recognition from all three parties that there is a huge social care agenda to be addressed in the future, but will it include autistic/Asperger syndrome and disabled people and what guarantee can you give that it will include them? How are you going to make sure that EVERY autistic child and adult is not left until crisis point before they are given the provision that they need? Many of us would like to know how much of the £28.2 billion is being spent on crisis management.<?b>

Here is where you post the question – you do have to give your name and where you live. You do not have to add a telephone number if you do not want to. If you do want to add this number 07960875526 this phone will be deactivated after Thursday night.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8589502.stm

Here are some facts and figures produced about Autism last year by the National Audit Office – This might help you to understand how important it is for the Leaders to ‘Talk about Autism’ on Thursday night.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEKMsO9t0pU

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Kathleen Sebelius and Francis Collins to speak at next IACC meeting

21 Apr

The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) will hold its next meeting on Friday, April 30. I checked the agenda for this meeting and found that Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, and Francis Collins, Director of the NIH will be speaking.

The meeting will be videocast and available via telephone.

Here is the agenda for the next IACC meeting:

IACC Full Committee Meeting Agenda

Friday, April 30, 2010
9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Eastern

The Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center
Rotunda Room
1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20004

Time Event
9:00 a.m. Registration

10:00 Call to Order and Opening Remarks

Thomas Insel, M.D.
Director, National Institute of Mental Health and Chair, IACC
10:05 Kathleen Sebelius
Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services

10:20 Welcome and Introductions of IACC Members

10:55 Francis Collins, M.D., Ph.D.
Director, National Institutes of Health

11:10 Break

11:25 Research Update: Autism Treatment Network
Geraldine Dawson, M.D.
Chief Science Officer, Autism Speaks

11:50 Research Update: Autism in the DSM-V
Susan E. Swedo, M.D.
Senior Investigator, Behavioral Pediatrics Section
Pediatrics and Developmental Neurospsychiatry Branch, NIMH

12:15 Lunch

1:30 Public Comments

2:00 Research Update: Stem Cell Talk

James Battey, M.D.
Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

2:25 Research Update: NIH Nonverbal ASD Workshop
Helen Tager-Flusberg, Ph.D.
Director, Laboratory of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston University

Ann Wagner, Ph.D.
Chief, Neurobehavioral Mechanisms and Mental Disorders Branch, NIMH

2:50 Research Update: Building the Infrastructure for Comparative Effectiveness Research on Disability Issues
Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo, M.D., MSc, Ph.D.
Deputy Director, Office on Disability, Office of the Secretary

3:15 Approval of January 19, 2010 IACC Committee Minutes

3:20 Update: Planning Subcommittee
Thomas Insel, M.D.
Director, National Institute of Mental Health and Chair, IACC

3:50 Break

4:00 OARC Update

* 2009 Summary of Advances
* IMFAR Update

4:20 Public Comments Discussion Period
4:50 Closing Comments
5:00 Adjournment

IACC conference call on the Strategic Plan

8 Apr

I just received this announcement from the IACC:

A Conference Call and Webinar of the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) Subcommittee for Planning the Annual Strategic Plan Updating Process

Please join us for a conference call and webinar of the IACC Subcommittee for Planning the Annual Strategic Plan Updating Process that will take place on Monday, April 19, 2009 from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. ET.

No registration is required

Conference Call Access
USA/Canada Phone Number: 888-577-8995
Access code: 1991506

Webinar Access https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/455522202

The agenda for this conference call is to discuss plans for updating the 2010 IACC Strategic Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorder Research.

Please visit the IACC Events page for the latest information about the conference call, including access information, as well as all other IACC events.

For more information about the IACC, please visit www.iacc.hhs.gov.

Now follow the IACC on Twitter (www.twitter.com/IACC_Autism).

The Contact Person for this conference call is:
Ms. Lina Perez
Office of Autism Research Coordination
National Institute of Mental Health, NIH
6001 Executive Boulevard, NSC
Room 8185a
Rockville, MD 20852
Phone: 301-443-6040
IACCpublicinquiries@mail.nih.gov
Please Note: This conference call may end before 12:00 PM if the discussion is completed ahead of schedule.

U.S. Government calls for proposals in autism research

7 Apr

Do you want to know what sort of research the U.S. government is considering funding? Well, here is the announcement This call for grant proposals is based directly on the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee’s (IACC) Strategic Plan.

Last amongst the list, and likely in terms of funding, is “services”. This is the one are where adults are specifically mentioned.

Here are a few lines pulled out for those who may not want to read the entire call. Emphases are added by me:

Under epidemiology:

Studies of the genetic and environmental epidemiology of autism to determine risk and protective processes in the etiology of autism…

So, yes, environmental causation is being funded. Also under epidemiology:

studies of their developmental course across the life-span

This is good and much needed: an understanding of how autistics develop across the lifespan. This is not, after all, a childhood disorder.

Yes, there is funding for treatments, specifically “Pharmacological/Biological Interventions”. These include the opportunity for the alternative medical community to prove itself:

studies aimed at developing and testing the efficacy and safety of botanical and dietary supplemental CAM agents that specifically target symptom management

Here is a more full version of the announcement:

Purpose

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage research grant applications to support research designed to elucidate the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and optimal means of service delivery in relation to autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

In response to the urgent public health significance of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Congress passed the Combating Autism Act (CAA) of 2006. Through this Act, Congress intends to accelerate the pace, and improve coordination of scientific discovery in ASD research. The Strategic Plan for ASD Research, a requirement of the CAA, was developed with the input of the scientific community, as well as advocates and advocacy organizations, including parents, providers, and individuals with ASD. The plan consists of short and long term research objectives across a range of topics, including those relevant to the heterogeneity of ASD. This FOA is intended to support the broad research goals of the Strategic Plan for ASD Research. (http://iacc.hhs.gov/reports/2009/iacc-strategic-plan-for-autism-spectrum-disorder-research-jan26.shtml),

Research Objectives

Autism Spectrum Disorders share a cluster of impairments in reciprocal social interaction, communication, and the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, or activities. These complex disorders are usually of lifelong duration and affect multiple aspects of development, learning, and adaptation at home, in school, and in the community, thus representing a pressing public health need. The etiologies of these disorders are not yet understood, but may include a combination of genetic, metabolic, immunologic, or infectious or other environmental influences.

Clinical research involving these disorders requires well-integrated, multi-disciplinary, methodologically-rigorous scientific approaches and access to a sufficient number of well-characterized patients with these disorders. Basic research into the pathophysiology of autism and autism spectrum disorders, including research on brain mechanisms and genetics, is of special interest. Also of high priority are clinical and applied investigations that may lead to the development of diagnostic research instruments, treatments, and interventions, including complementary and alternative medicine [CAM] strategies. Specific areas of interest thus include epidemiology, early identification and diagnosis, genetic studies, brain mechanisms, communication skills, cognitive neuroscience, psychosocial (behavioral) interventions, pharmacological and other biological interventions, and support and rehabilitative services across the life-span, including adulthood and the transition to adulthood.

Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Epidemiology: Studies of the genetic and environmental epidemiology of autism to determine risk and protective processes in the etiology of autism, including environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood; longitudinal studies of high-risk populations; epidemiologic research on interactive genetic and environmental factors or processes that increase or decrease risk for autism; research on the expression of the full range of autism spectrum disorders; studies of their developmental course across the life-span; studies that characterize the range of expression within families; and research on co-occurring features, especially research that characterizes and quantifies risk and protective processes associated with co-occurrence. Also of interest are clinical epidemiologic studies of autism spectrum disorders in clinical settings, including studies of clinical decision-making in personal-encounter care for individuals and families.

Screening, Early Identification, and Diagnosis: Key diagnostic and phenotypic features associated with various stages of development; development of new screening tools for use in a variety of settings; assessment of comorbid features including hyperactivity, attentional or executive dysfunctions, and epilepsy; the creation of new measures to be used in longitudinal studies, and measures that further differentiate the subtypes of autism spectrum disorders; and, developmental factors relevant to reliable and valid diagnosis.

Genetic Studies: Family-based or population-based genetic analyses that aim to 1) Identify specific susceptibility genes using candidate gene/region based approaches, whole exome as well as whole genome sequence approaches; 2) Investigate epigenetic mechanisms and long range control of gene expression; 3) Conduct high-resolution mapping and positional cloning studies; 4) Detect locus heterogeneity; and 5) Analyze the interaction of autism susceptibility genes with environmental exposures and/or genes responsive to environmental insult. An area of particular interest is the effect of genetic factors on therapeutic drug response in individuals with ASD (see Pharmacogenomic Studies, below).

Brain Mechanisms: Studies of brain mechanisms underlying the development, regulation, and modulation of behaviors characterizing autism and autism spectrum disorders, particularly those mechanisms involving communication and social interaction; studies of brain mechanisms and biological factors underlying autistic regression, or the loss of previously acquired skills; studies of brain mechanisms involved in the development of abnormal electroencephalograms and epilepsy and studies to clarify the subtypes of seizures and seizure disorders in autism; studies to define the neurobiological basis of neurological abnormalities and neuropsychiatric symptoms and the exacerbation of these symptoms, including the role of neuroimmune/autoimmune factors and mitochondrial dysfunction; studies that seek to define basic processing deficits using neuropsychological and cognitive neuroscience techniques; studies using animal models to examine brain dysfunction related to autism and autism spectrum disorders, based on either genetic or environmental factors or their interaction; studies using novel reagents and tools to identify molecular, cellular, or developmental mechanisms distinguishing autism spectrum and control subjects.

Shared Neurobiology of Autism with Fragile X, Rett Syndrome, and Related Disorders: Studies of developmental and functional processes, pathways, and brain mechanisms that will lead to an understanding of shared etiology or pathophysiology among these disorders. Analysis of autism-related neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes in related “single gene” disorders. Of particular interest are projects that focus on basic research and/or preclinical testing in model systems to develop and assess the safety and biological activity of novel therapeutic compounds that could be used to treat autism and related disorders. There is also significant interest in analyses that would identify useful and specific clinical endpoints that would register measurable improvements in response to treatment interventions in clinical populations as well as studies that would facilitate future development of clinical trials in these populations.

Cognitive Science: Developmental studies of relevant behaviors during infancy including attention to social and nonsocial stimuli, affective behavior, gaze, vocalization, imitation, initiative, reciprocity, attachment, play, compliance, and self-recognition and their emergence in children with autism and autistic spectrum disorders; research on the delays and deviations in social behavior and cognition during preschool and middle school, including empathy, receptive social cognitive deficits (i.e., difficulties understanding others), and expressive difficulties; studies leading to more sophisticated tests of higher cognitive functioning, especially in social, communicative, reasoning, and problem-solving areas, as well as tests of basic attentional, emotional and cognitive deficits that may underlie these deficits or their precursors; studies of theory of mind, of unconventional verbal behaviors, and of the sensory-motor factors involved in relevant social cognition; and the development, validation, and refinement of interventions designed to address deficits in complex social and cognitive abilities or their developmental precursors; interventions designed to lessen or remediate cognitive deficits.

Communication Skills: Longitudinal, developmental studies of behaviors that are precursors to later communication and their emergence in children with autism and autistic spectrum disorders; sensory, motor, and social-cognitive impairments that impact interaction and communication; predictors of loss of or regression in expressive language abilities; interventions designed to remediate communication and related deficits across the life-span.

Pharmacological/Biological Interventions: In addition to pharmacological agents that specifically target the core features of autism and autism spectrum disorders: studies of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological and combined treatments for the most common and impairing psychopathology associated with autism (e.g., hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, self-injury); studies that relate characteristics of individuals (or diagnostic subtypes) to therapeutic response and treatment outcomes (also see Pharmacogenomic Studies, below); new approaches to treatment that build on advances in neuroscience, genetics, immunology, and other neurobiologic fields; identification and validation of novel treatment targets and molecular screening approaches or biomarkers that assess effects on key biological, neurodevelopmental and/or behavioral endpoints disrupted in ASD; focused interventions that test specific theories or hypotheses regarding possible neuropathogenesis; studies that address the benefits of combined drug and cognitive, behavioral, or psychosocial interventions; studies aimed at developing and testing the efficacy and safety of botanical and dietary supplemental CAM agents that specifically target symptom management; development of innovative methodologies and outcome measures.

Pharmacogenomic Studies: Analysis of SNP and DNA sequence data that 1) Predict therapeutic response or adverse reactions to drugs; 2) correlate drug response profiles with intermediate phenotypes (e.g., brain imaging, neurophysiology, learning and memory, sustained attention); 3) identify biomarkers to resolve clinical heterogeneity and heterogeneity of therapeutic drug response; 4) apply high-throughput approaches to screen for drug candidates metabolized by or inhibitors of polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzymes, e.g., CYP2D6; 5) studies of genetically determined functional changes in nuclear and cell surface receptors to explain the ineffectiveness of therapeutic agents and adverse or paradoxical drug responses; 6) studies of allelic variation occurring in individual transporter genes that are associated with a functional consequence.

Psychosocial Interventions: Studies to develop new treatments (e.g., behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, mind/body and manipulative therapies) and that validate, refine, and compare approaches to the treatment of persons with autism and autism spectrum disorders and their families, as well as studies that analyze and define the critical features of effective intervention; studies that relate characteristics of individuals (or diagnostic subtypes) to treatment outcomes; research on relevant contextual factors including physical and community environments, parent-child and sibling-child relationship factors, and peer-child interactions; studies addressing generalization or the transfer of learning from one setting to another; studies that develop and test interventions for infants and toddlers who are at-risk for autism spectrum disorders; studies that develop and test interventions to outcome in school and community settings throughout the lifespan; development of innovative methodologies and outcome measures.

Services Research: Research on the organization, delivery, coordination, and financing of services for persons with autism spectrum disorders, and their families, within or across service settings; studies aimed at better identifying and addressing changes in service and rehabilitative needs across the life-span, including during transitions from childhood to adolescence, and adolescence to adulthood; interventions to improve the quality and outcomes of treatment and rehabilitation services; studies to develop improved measures of adaptive capabilities for children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorders; studies of ways to coordinate or integrate services across settings including specialty mental health, general health, and other settings such as educational, vocational, and housing services, in order to maximize receipt of appropriate services; and research on the economic factors effecting the delivery of needed services and treatments including cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, and cost utility analyses of service interventions.

General Election called in the UK

6 Apr

The leaders speak about autism:

Gordon Brown

Too often people with autism don’t reach their full potential because those around them do not understand the condition. On United Nations World Autism Awareness Day, everyone should challenge their perceptions. I don’t find it acceptable that many want to work but only 15 per cent of people with autism are in paid employment. Or that many want to live independently but almost 50 per cent. of adults with autism live with their parents.Recognition and awareness in frontline public services is critical to giving those with autism the support they need. That’s why our recently published national autism strategy Rewarding and Fulfilling lives, is backed by legislation and sets a clear framework for creating that support.

David Cameron

United Nations World Autism Awareness Day is an important opportunity to raise awareness of the challenges that people with autism and Asperger Syndrome can face especially during times of economic difficulty. At present too many people with autism are being held back from fulfilling their potential. We need to break down the barriers which stop them doing so, including barriers to work. As a compassionate society we need to provide for those who cannot work, so we support moves towards providing personal budgets for those who require constant care to make sure they get the support they need. People with autism or Asperger Syndrome who are looking to work or training to help them into employment, need the right kind of help at the right time. Tapping the expertise of the private and voluntary sectors is one way we can make sure the assistance we provide is tailored to people’s individual services, helping lift people out of poverty and promoting greater independence.

Nick Clegg

‘It’s deeply, deeply alarming that families are more likely to live in poverty if they have a child or adult who suffers from autism or Asperger’s Syndrome. More needs to be done to change this. There is a challenge facing politicians of all parties to ensure that these families are not forgotten. It is so important on UN World Autism Awareness Day we highlight the difficulties facing those who live with autism and Asperger’s Syndrome and look for a way forward. It is vital that every adult and child with autism and the parents, carers and family who look after them with such passion and dedication receive all the support they need. From targeting extra cash to schools helping the children who need it most to giving carers a full week off every year, Liberal Democrats are fully committed to ensuring that those living with autism or Asperger’s Syndrome get a fair deal.’

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