When I saw this abstract in my daily summary from pubmed I was saddened to see how serious this problem is. In addition, I was glad to see a paper exposing this great need. The problem in short: autistics are heavy users of the emergency room and are too often subjected to sedation and/or restraints during their visit.
I don’t have the full paper so I can’t see if they do the comparison of emergency room (ER) visits between autistics and non autistics. The authors report 13% of autistics (adolescents and adults) had at least one ER visit in a 2 month period. That sounds high. But how high? If we assume a low estimate, 1 visit per individual in the 2 month period, that would give us 78 visits/100 autistics in a year. Compare this to the CDC stats for the general population of 42 ER visits per hundred people per year. To put it simply: autistics are using the ER about twice as often as the general population. And that is clearly an underestimate given that a major predictor of autistics using the ER is previous use of the ER. Which is to say–there appear to be a fraction of autistics who are frequent ER users.
That is serious enough, but here’s the statistic that really calls for action: 23% of autistics in the ER were restrained either chemically (sedation) or physically. 23%. Any restraint or sedation calls out for action, but this statistic screams of a need for action.
The Autism CARES Act calls for an increased emphasis on services. And here is a great example of a paper that demonstrates the need where specific supports or services would help. Autistics have different and greater needs in the ER. We need to determine now what services those services are. And I do use plural on purpose because it is highly likely that the reasons and the needs of autistics in the ER are varied. We need to figure out why autistics are using the ER more often. We also need to figure out why a large fraction are being sedated and/or restrained. We can speculate and possibly there’s more information in the full paper. But this looks like an area begging for more information.
Here is the abstract from pubmed for this paper:
INTRODUCTION:
The use of emergency services among adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) transitioning into adult health services has not been well described.OBJECTIVES:
To describe emergency service use including emergency departments (EDs), paramedics, and police involvement among adolescents and adults with ASD and to examine predictors of using emergency services.METHODS:
Caregivers of 396 adolescents and adults with ASD were recruited through autism advocacy agencies and support programmes in Ontario to complete a survey about their child’s health service use. Surveys were completed online, by mail and over the phone between December 2010 and October 2012. Parents were asked to describe their child’s emergency service use and provide information about potential predictive factors including predisposing, enabling and clinical need variables.RESULTS:
According to parents, 13% of their children with ASD used at least one emergency service in a 2-month period. Sedation or restraints were used 23% of the time. A combination of need and enabling variables predicted emergency service use with previous ED use in the last year (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 6.8), a history of hurting others (OR 2.3, 95% 1.2 CI to 4.7) and having no structured daytime activities (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 7.0) being the strongest multivariate predictors in the model.CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with ASD and their families are likely to engage with paramedics or police or visit the ED. Further education and support to families and emergency clinicians are needed to improve and, when possible, prevent such occurrences.
I will note that there is an inherent bias in the study in that they are surveying parents. In doing so, they will miss those adults who are living away from parents.
We have to be able to do better than sedation and restraints for a quarter of autistics who visit the ER. The first step was exposing the issue and for that I thank the authors. But this is only the first step.
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By Matt Carey









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